Quantitatively Applying a Person-Centered Approach in Rural Health Workforce Research: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis of Early Career Rural Nurses

Abstract

Aim

To explore the utility of a quantitative person-centred approach to identify subgroups of commencing first-year rural nurses and examine their work attitudes and intentions.

Design

Exploratory cross-sectional survey.

Methods

A survey of commencing first-year nurses was conducted in two Australian rural health districts in 2019 and 2020, with a 91% response rate. A two-step latent class analysis of 159 responses was undertaken with two indicators of perceived professional opportunity and three indicators of local connection and rural training. Three outcomes assessing work intention and attitudes were compared across subtypes.

Results

Four subgroups (‘classes’) were identified. There were significant differences in the outcomes between the two classes interpreted as ‘rural-locals’. Rural-locals with the highest perceptions of available professional opportunities had the most positive outcomes of all four classes. Of the two ‘non-local’ classes, the class with high perceptions of professional opportunities was significantly happier than the rural-local and non-local classes with lower perceptions; however, class differences in future rural work intentions and attitudes were mixed.

Conclusion

The research found subtypes of rural first-year nurses which differed in terms of occupational happiness and future rural work attitudes. Early career nurses who were rural-locals with highest perceptions of professional opportunities had the highest intention to remain working rurally. This exploratory research demonstrates the relevance of person-centred and theory-informed approaches to rural health workforce recruitment and retention strategies.

Implications for the Profession

The findings show that ‘rural background’ or ‘local’ are useful but insufficient classifiers to distinguish among commencing rural nurse health workforce, given rural work attitudes and future work intentions. Further attention at organisational and policy levels should be given to rural professional development opportunities for early career nurses to support retention.

Impact

This research has demonstrated how a quantitative person-centred approach can illuminate heterogeneous subgroups within a rural health workforce to inform more targeted recruitment and retention strategies. Researchers should look to larger datasets and methodological resources from psychological theories of work to realise this potential for informing organisational and governmental policy approaches.

Reporting Method

The authors have adhered to the EQUATOR STROBE statement guidelines for reporting observational (cross-sectional) studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.