Ship domain models: Reviewing the advancements and exploring the future directions in the maritime autonomous surface ships

Abstract

Ship domain plays a crucial role in the realms of intelligent ship collision avoidance and marine traffic engineering. With the introduction of the concept of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) and relevant regulations, the process of ship intelligence and automation will accelerate, and the ship domain theory will also develop in a new direction under this trend. Currently, there are numerous ship domain models, but the factors considered in them are not comprehensive, and their application conditions are each limited. In view of this situation, this paper systematically sorts out the classic ship domain models and related research in recent years, covering from the definition and safety criteria of the ship domain to the research methods and the influencing factors taken into account. It also discusses the practical application scenarios of ship domain models. Moreover, it briefly describes the current development status of MASS as well as the challenges it faces, and puts forward the development and application directions of the ship domain theory in response to the needs of the MASS.