RNA Therapies in Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Advancing Disease Management.

Abstract

Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome involves metabolic, kidney, and cardiovascular dysfunction, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged groups. Its staging (0-4) highlights the importance of early intervention. While current management targets hypertension, heart failure, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, RNA-based therapies offer innovative solutions by addressing molecular mechanisms of CKM Syndrome. Emerging RNA treatments, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), show promise in slowing disease progression across CKM stages. For example, ASOs and siRNAs targeting ApoC-III and ANGPTL3 reduce triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, while siRNAs improve blood pressure control by targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Obesity treatments leveraging miRNAs and circRNAs tackle a key CKM risk factor. In heart failure and diabetes, RNA-based therapies improve cardiac function and glucose control, while early kidney disease trials show potential for RNAi in acute injury. Further research is essential to refine these therapies and ensure equitable access.