Efficient Removal of Malachite Green Dye and Antioxidant Properties, Mechanical Analysis of Chitosan Film Dopped with Biosynthesized Iron Nanoparticle from Moringa Oleifera Leaf

IF 3.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07861-y
Velmurugan Ganesan, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, K. Narayanamoorthy, D Elil Raja, Ramya Maranan, M. Nagaraj, Praveen Barmavatu
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Abstract

Green synthesis, favoured for its eco-friendliness, simplicity, and cost effectiveness, was employed to synthesise iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs), using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOL) as a capping and reducing agent. The biosynthesised Fe-NPs were characterised through UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, EDAX, and TEM, confirming their presence and stability. In the UV–Vis spectra, there was a peak at 414 nm indicating successful reduction of Fe3+ ions, while XRD analysis indicated crystalline structures where Debye–Scherrer equations gave a particle size of approximately 22 nm. Biofunctional groups responsible for reduction and stabilisation of Fe-NPs were identified by FTIR analysis, while elemental composition was confirmed using EDAX, as spherical Fe-NPs from TEM analysis had an average size of 20 nm. Photocatalytic studies have shown how efficient malachite green (MG) dyes are broken up by these materials, with maximum degradation (97.21%) occurring at pH 3.5. At dye concentrations higher than this level, degradation efficiency decreases due to light absorption and competition for reactive sites. The biosynthesised Fe-NPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties with EC50 values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 21.36 ± 1.01 µg/mL and 24.52 ± 1.20 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the chitosan film reinforced with Fe-NPs were assessed, with the E-type combination (73 ml of chitosan and 2 ml of Fe-NPs) revealing the highest tensile strength of 81 MPa and an elastic modulus of 2389 MPa. These discoveries point out that MOL-derived Fe-NPs can be used in environmental applications such as wastewater treatment processes.

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绿色合成法因其生态友好性、简便性和成本效益而备受青睐,该方法使用油辣木叶提取物(MOL)作为封端剂和还原剂,合成了铁纳米粒子(Fe-NPs)。通过紫外可见光谱、XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱、EDAX 和 TEM 对生物合成的铁纳米粒子进行了表征,证实了它们的存在和稳定性。在紫外可见光谱中,414 纳米处有一个峰值,表明成功还原了 Fe3+ 离子,而 XRD 分析表明了晶体结构,根据 Debye-Scherrer 方程,粒径约为 22 纳米。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱分析确定了负责还原和稳定 Fe-NPs 的生物功能基团,同时使用 EDAX 确认了元素组成,因为 TEM 分析得出的球形 Fe-NPs 平均尺寸为 20 纳米。光催化研究表明,这些材料能高效分解孔雀石绿(MG)染料,在 pH 值为 3.5 时降解率最高(97.21%)。当染料浓度高于这一水平时,由于光吸收和对反应位点的竞争,降解效率会降低。生物合成的 Fe-NPs 具有很强的抗氧化性,DPPH 和 ABTS 自由基清除活性的 EC50 值分别为 21.36 ± 1.01 µg/mL 和 24.52 ± 1.20 µg/mL。此外,还评估了以 Fe-NPs 增强的壳聚糖薄膜的机械性能,其中 E 型组合(73 毫升壳聚糖和 2 毫升 Fe-NPs)的拉伸强度最高,达 81 兆帕,弹性模量为 2389 兆帕。这些发现表明,MOL 衍生的 Fe-NPs 可用于废水处理工艺等环境应用领域。
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来源期刊
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
6.90%
发文量
448
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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