Process Optimization Strategy: An Efficient Approach for Degradation of Synthetic Direct Black 15 Dye by Citrobacter freundii

IF 3.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07856-9
Manikandan Kathavarayan, Mangala Lakshmi Ragavan, Ranjani Soundhararajan, Hemalatha Srinivasan
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Abstract

Textile industrial effluent is contaminated with resilient azo dyes. This study focuses on incorporating biological approaches for effective dye degradation in treating textile industry waste water effluents. A bacterial strain Citrobacter freundii with the ability to break down synthetic textile dyes was identified. The optimal conditions for degradation were obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). Among the three variables (A- temperature; B- inoculum concentration; C- time), AC and BC showed the most significant impact on dye degradation (> 90%). Efficient degradation of around 90% was achieved for the direct black 15 dye utilized in this study. To validate the degradation process, both the treated and untreated direct black dyes were subjected to characterization by UV–visible spectroscopy, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Molecular docking studies revealed an interaction between azo dyes and enzymes namely laccase and peroxidase of Citrobacter freundii. Phytotoxicity assessment of the degraded dye in Vigna radiata seedlings confirmed the non-toxic nature of the degraded compounds. The results suggest that biodegradation by employing Citrobacter freundii is an effective alternative to degrade textile black dye.

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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
6.90%
发文量
448
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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