Yang Gao , Yuhao Fang , Lunlun Gong , Shenlin Yang , Changfa Tao , Wei Xu
{"title":"The experimental study on the flame extension length and maximum temperature of ceiling jet flame in the curved tunnel","authors":"Yang Gao , Yuhao Fang , Lunlun Gong , Shenlin Yang , Changfa Tao , Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106571","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigated the extension length and maximum temperature of ceiling jet flame with different fire source locations within the curved tunnel. A series of experiments were conducted in a 1:15 reduced-scale tunnel with four different bending radians. Two nozzle diameters (2 and 4 mm) and four fire source positions were considered, while the propane was used as the fuel gas. The experimental results reveal distinct extension characteristics of ceiling jet flame in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Dimensionless correlations for the transverse and longitudinal extension length of ceiling jet flame have been developed. Additionally, the variation in maximum temperature under different tunnel bending radians was analyzed based on the flame geometry model, which leads to the establishment of theoretical model for predicting the maximum temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106571"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0886779825002093","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper investigated the extension length and maximum temperature of ceiling jet flame with different fire source locations within the curved tunnel. A series of experiments were conducted in a 1:15 reduced-scale tunnel with four different bending radians. Two nozzle diameters (2 and 4 mm) and four fire source positions were considered, while the propane was used as the fuel gas. The experimental results reveal distinct extension characteristics of ceiling jet flame in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Dimensionless correlations for the transverse and longitudinal extension length of ceiling jet flame have been developed. Additionally, the variation in maximum temperature under different tunnel bending radians was analyzed based on the flame geometry model, which leads to the establishment of theoretical model for predicting the maximum temperature.
期刊介绍:
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology is an international journal which publishes authoritative articles encompassing the development of innovative uses of underground space and the results of high quality research into improved, more cost-effective techniques for the planning, geo-investigation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of underground and earth-sheltered structures. The journal provides an effective vehicle for the improved worldwide exchange of information on developments in underground technology - and the experience gained from its use - and is strongly committed to publishing papers on the interdisciplinary aspects of creating, planning, and regulating underground space.