Unique cortical morphology in young adults who are diagnosed with and medicated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 NEUROIMAGING Brain Imaging and Behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1007/s11682-025-00994-y

Madeleine K Nowak, William G Kronenberger, Jiancheng Hou, Osamudiamen Ogbeide, Lillian M Klemsz, Hu Cheng, Sharlene D Newman, Keisuke Kawata

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Abstract

Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often display reduced cortical volume and thickness, as well as changes in cortical folding. However, the impact of ADHD on cortical morphology in young adults remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize cortical thickness, gyrification, and sulcal depth profiles in adults aged 18-26 years old with ADHD. In this cross-sectional study, we employed multiparameter analyses between two groups: an ADHD group of individuals diagnosed with and medicated daily for ADHD (n = 30) and a non-ADHD group with age- and sex-matched individuals free from lifetime ADHD diagnosis (n = 30). The ADHD group exhibited significant cortical thinning in fronto-parieto-temporal regions, including the left superior parietal lobule, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and right lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, relative to the non-ADHD group. Greater gyrification and deeper sulcal depth were evident in various fronto-occipital-temporal regions in the ADHD group, although two regions (right postcentral and inferior temporal gyri) displayed shallower sulcal depth compared to the non-ADHD group. These data suggest that ADHD-related disparities persist into young adulthood, with alterations in brain morphology potentially serving as biomarkers for ADHD diagnosis in young adults.

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被诊断出患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍并接受药物治疗的青少年的独特皮层形态。

被诊断患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童通常会表现出皮质体积和厚度的减少，以及皮质折叠的变化。然而，注意力缺陷多动障碍对青壮年大脑皮层形态的影响仍然难以捉摸。本研究旨在描述 18-26 岁患有多动症的成年人的皮质厚度、回变和沟深情况。在这项横断面研究中，我们对两组人进行了多参数分析：一组是被诊断为多动症并每天接受药物治疗的多动症患者（n = 30），另一组是年龄和性别匹配、终生未被诊断为多动症的非多动症患者（n = 30）。与非多动症组相比，多动症组的前顶叶-颞叶区域皮质明显变薄，包括左侧顶叶上叶、双侧颞下回和右侧眶额叶外侧回。尽管与非多动症组相比，有两个区域（右侧后中央回和颞下回）的沟深度较浅，但多动症组的前枕颞各区域的回化程度更高，沟深度更深。这些数据表明，与多动症相关的差异会持续到青少年时期，大脑形态的改变有可能成为诊断青少年多动症的生物标志物。

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来源期刊

Brain Imaging and Behavior 医学-神经成像

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

154

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Brain Imaging and Behavior is a bi-monthly, peer-reviewed journal, that publishes clinically relevant research using neuroimaging approaches to enhance our understanding of disorders of higher brain function. The journal is targeted at clinicians and researchers in fields concerned with human brain-behavior relationships, such as neuropsychology, psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, rehabilitation, and cognitive neuroscience.