Characteristics in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and the impact on immune, coagulation, and inflammatory profiles.

Abstract

Objective: Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) impacts the physical and psychological well-being of women of reproductive age. This study aimed to reveal the potential mechanisms behind unexplained RSA from the perspective of glucose and lipid metabolic profiles before conception and their relationship with immune, coagulation, and inflammatory markers.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion at our gynecology department from June 2022 to June 2023. According to whether abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism exist, patients were grouped into normal group and abnormal group. The study compared the glucose and lipid metabolic characteristics, immune status, coagulation, and inflammatory parameters between two groups.

Results: The Abnormal Group exhibited higher fasting blood glucose, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, along with lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Additionally, alterations in immune profile parameters, including lower levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, NK cells, and elevated IL-6, were observed in the Abnormal Group. Regarding coagulation and inflammatory profile parameters, the Abnormal Group demonstrated prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, and increased platelet count, along with elevated C-reactive protein, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between the pre-pregnancy metabolic characteristics and immune, coagulation, and inflammatory profile parameters.

Conclusion: Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism may lead to or exacerbate unexplained RSA in some patients, and therapeutic interventions targeting glucose and lipid metabolism hold promise for improving pregnancy outcomes in this population.