NLRP3 and Gut–Liver Axis: New Possibility for the Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Abstract

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, with persistently high morbidity and mortality rates. Previous studies have identified NLRP3 inflammasome as a class of receptors of intracellular intrinsic immunity. These receptors can be activated by both intrinsic and extracellular danger signals, leading to the release of downstream pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin IL-1β and IL-18. These vesicles are critical for maintaining host defense. Concurrently, researchers have identified a close relationship between the microbiome, gut–liver axis, and NLRP3 inflammasome with ALD. Consequently, the present study focus on the structure and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the gut–liver axis, and intestinal microecological regulation, as well as the relationship between bile acid metabolism and the gut–liver axis. The objective of this study is to provide a foundation of knowledge and references for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions of ALD that are informed by the dynamic interplay between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the gut–liver axis.