Exploring Gender Minority Stress and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Path Analysis of Suicidality Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse People

Abstract

Extant research shows that transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals are at an increased risk for suicide. However, the mechanisms of TGD suicidality are not fully understood. This study investigated the role of external gender minority stressors and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in understanding TGD suicidality. Participants were 264 TGD adults aged 18–76 (M = 26.5, SD = 10.6), majority being White (64%), and nonbinary (71%), who completed a one-time clinical battery. Findings revealed that gender-related victimization and nonaffirmation of gender identity were positively related to suicide ideation through the mediating variable of perceived burdensomeness (PB). Additionally, nonaffirmation significantly moderated the negative relationship between gender-related rejection and suicide ideation. These findings emphasize the need for interventions that target feelings of brokenness and burdensomeness. Clinicians, policymakers, and researchers must work collaboratively to create affirming environments that reduce PB, foster resilience, and ultimately prevent suicide among TGD populations.