Referenceless 4D flow MRI using radial balanced SSFP at 0.6 T

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1002/mrm.30503

Charles McGrath, Pietro Dirix, Vincent Vousten, Jouke Smink, Ece Ercan, Peter Börnert, Sebastian Kozerke

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Abstract

Purpose

To implement four-dimensional-flow MRI using phase-contrast balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) at 0.6 T using a free-running three-dimensional (3D) radial trajectory and referenceless background phase correction.

Methods

A free-running, wobbling Archimedean spiral approach including bipolar velocity-encoding gradients (3D PC-bSSFP) was implemented on a 0.6T prototype scanner. Bipolar rewinder gradients were added to ensure first-moment nulling per repetition time. Velocity encoding was performed using a three-point encoding scheme (i.e., omitting a reference measurement). Advanced computer simulations were carried out to validate the approach. Image reconstruction was performed using a locally low-rank approach. Results for anatomical visualization and flow quantification were reconstructed separately with different regularization factors. Background phase correction was achieved using phase estimation on time-averaged reconstructions. In vivo data were acquired in 6 healthy subjects during free breathing. Additional two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast spoiled gradient-echo (2D PC-GRE) breath-hold data were obtained for reference to compare flow values in the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and pulmonary trunk.

Results

Velocity data acquired with 3D PC-bSSFP compared well with 2D PC-GRE (root mean square error = 3.96 cm/s), with minor underestimation of velocities (−0.52 cm/s). Cardiac phase-dependent signal-to-noise ratios normalized for differences in scan time and resolution between 3D PC-bSSFP and 2D PC-GRE demonstrate relatively steady values for 3D PC-bSSFP when compared to 2D PC-bSSFP with some reduction during phases of high flow.

Conclusion

Free-running, referenceless, four-dimensional-flow MRI using radial 3D PC-bSSFP is feasible on a lower-field 0.6T system, producing adequate flow quantification while yielding simultaneously reasonable cine images for concurrent flow and functional assessment of the heart and great vessels.

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无参考的4D血流MRI使用径向平衡SSFP在0.6 T。

目的：利用自由运行的三维（3D）径向轨迹和无参考背景相位校正，在0.6 T下使用相位对比平衡稳态自由进动（bSSFP）实现四维流MRI。方法：在一台0.6T的原型扫描仪上实现了一种自由运行、摆动的阿基米德螺旋方法，包括双极速度编码梯度（3D PC-bSSFP）。添加双极复卷梯度以确保每次重复时间的第一时刻零化。速度编码采用三点编码方案（即省略参考测量）。进行了先进的计算机模拟来验证该方法。图像重建采用局部低秩方法。采用不同的正则化因子分别对解剖可视化和流量量化结果进行重构。利用时间平均重构的相位估计实现背景相位校正。6名健康受试者在自由呼吸状态下获得体内数据。另外获取二维（2D）相位对比破坏梯度回波（2D PC-GRE）屏气数据作为参考，比较升主动脉、降主动脉和肺动脉干的血流值。结果：与2D PC-GRE相比，3D PC-bSSFP获得的速度数据较好（均方根误差= 3.96 cm/s），但速度有轻微低估（-0.52 cm/s）。将3D PC-bSSFP和2D PC-GRE扫描时间和分辨率差异归一化的心脏相位相关信噪比表明，与2D PC-bSSFP相比，3D PC-bSSFP的值相对稳定，在高血流阶段有所降低。结论：采用径向三维PC-bSSFP在下场0.6T系统上进行自由运行、无参考、四维血流MRI是可行的，可以获得充分的血流定量，同时产生合理的电影图像，用于心脏和大血管的并发血流和功能评估。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 医学-核医学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

24.20%

发文量

376

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (Magn Reson Med) is an international journal devoted to the publication of original investigations concerned with all aspects of the development and use of nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques for medical applications. Reports of original investigations in the areas of mathematics, computing, engineering, physics, biophysics, chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology directly relevant to magnetic resonance will be accepted, as well as methodology-oriented clinical studies.