Role of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer.

Abstract

Introduction: Olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib are poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) targeted at recombination. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of PARPi, scientists conducted research involving numerous studies that provided evidence regarding their efficacy and safety.

Material and methods: A literature review was performed using the PubMed^® and Google Scholar databases. Articles were reviewed and categorized based on the most crucial and current information regarding the pharmacological properties and use of PARPi in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), while also indicating the future therapeutic direction toward which these pharmaceuticals are progressing. Data were extracted, analyzed and summarized.

Results: PARP inhibitors like olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib show promise in mCRPC, particularly for patients with specific genetic mutations (BRCA1/2, ATM). While they extend PFS and sometimes OS, side effects - especially anemia - are prevalent and impact treatment continuation.

Conclusions: Despite PARPi already being recognized as the standard treatment for mCRPC, further research is crucial to optimize their efficacy and safety, particularly in the context of combination therapies and use in the early stages of the disease.