Investigating the memory-preserving potential of L-carnitine and memantine in an aluminum-induced memory deficit model

Abstract

Aluminum exposure in daily life results in significant neurotoxicity and leads to progressive neurodegenerative disorders and there is a dire need for counteracting agents. The current study investigated the possible ameliorative effect of L-carnitine with memantine against AlCl₃-induced memory impairment in male mice. AlCl₃ (100 mg/kg) was administered orally to all groups except a healthy one. Treatment groups were administered with L-carnitine 100 mg/kg, memantine 10 mg/kg and a combination group with L-carnitine 100 mg/kg and memantine 10 mg/kg for 42 days. The behavioral changes were examined using Y-maze, NOR, PAT and MWM tests. The biochemical and histopathological parameters were quantified in isolated brains. The outcomes revealed amelioration of learning and memory through better alterations in the Y-maze test, better recognition of a novel object in NOR, increased step-through latency in PAT and reduced latencies to reach the platform in the MWM test. The biochemical analysis revealed suppression of lipid oxidation through regulation of antioxidant content and inhibition of AChE. The histopathological findings demonstrated significant protection of neuronal cells in CA1 and DG regions against AlCl₃-induced damage. Outcomes of this study suggested that memantine combined with L-carnitine is an ably option to halt the progression of neuronal cell degeneration in various neurologic disorders.