Characteristics and trend analysis of cancer mortality among residents of the Xizang autonomous region, 2014-2023.

Abstract

Background: The Xizang Autonomous Region, located in China's southwestern frontier with an average elevation of 4000 m, faces socioeconomic development challenges influenced by its natural environment and regional disparities. Previous studies have indicated that cancer ranks as the fourth leading cause of death among permanent residents in Xizang. However, there is a paucity of research on the trends and characteristics of cancer mortality in this region. This study aims to analyze mortality data from Xizang between 2014 and 2023 to elucidate the characteristics and trends of cancer deaths and to provide a foundation for developing effective cancer prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: Mortality data for cancer patients from 2014 to 2023 were extracted from the Death Information Registration and Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The population data for Xizang were obtained from the Basic Information System of the Chinese CDC. Crude and age-standardized mortality rates were computed via SPSS software, and joinpoint regression models were employed to estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality trends.

Results: Between 2014 and 2023, the crude mortality rate (CMR) for cancer increased from 31.38 per 100,000 to 49.37 per 100,000, whereas the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) rose from 50.15 per 100,000 to 66.42 per 100,000, with annual increases of 4.59% and 2.12%, respectively. The leading causes of cancer death are liver cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and cervical cancer.

Conclusion: Cancer mortality in Xizang is increasing, with higher rates in men than in women, although the rate of increase is faster in women. Mortality rates increase with age, predominantly affecting middle-aged and elderly populations. Liver and stomach cancers are the primary contributors to cancer mortality. Given the severe cancer control situation, comprehensive prevention strategies and early diagnosis and treatment for high-risk populations are crucial.