Preliminary phantom study of four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography for renal artery mapping: Low-tube voltage and low-contrast volume imaging with deep learning-based reconstruction

Abstract

Introduction

A hybrid angio-CT system with 320-row detectors and deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR), provides additional imaging via 4D-CT angiography (CTA), potentially shortening procedure time and reducing DSA acquisitions, contrast media, and radiation dose. This study evaluates the feasibility of low-tube voltage 4D-CTA with low-contrast volume and DLR for selective renal artery embolization using a vessel phantom.

Methods

A custom-made phantom simulating contrast-enhanced vessels filled with contrast medium was scanned. The study assessed image quality under varying image noise and vessel contrast. Quantitative analysis included peak contrast-to-noise ratio (pCNR) and image noise. Qualitative assessment was performed by seven radiologists using a 4-point scale; each radiologist independently recorded their evaluations on an assessment sheet.

Results

A pCNR of approximately 15.0 was identified as the threshold for acceptable image quality. The pCNR decreased as the noise index increased (by 25–75 % when comparing a noise index of 30–70 HU).Vessels with a CT value of 500 Hounsfield units (HU) achieved sufficient image quality with a noise index of 50 HU. Dose reduction was substantial compared to traditional DSA, with effective radiation dose remaining within acceptable clinical levels.

Conclusion

4D-CTA, combined with DLR, demonstrated the potential to reduce radiation and contrast agent usage while preserving diagnostic quality for renal artery angiography. Further clinical validation is required to confirm these findings in clinical settings.

Implications for practice

4D-CTA with low-tube voltage and deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) can reduce radiation and contrast use while maintaining image quality. This approach might improve safety, particularly in patients with renal impairment, and serve as a viable alternative to conventional DSA for selective renal artery embolization.