The Effect of Cold Application in Postoperative Pain Management of Arthroscopic Surgeries: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Purpose, problem statement, PICO

This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cold application techniques for postoperative pain management in arthroscopic surgeries. The problem it addresses is the need for more consistency in the effectiveness of these techniques, as reported by various studies.

Population (P): Adult Patients undergoing arthroscopic surgeries

Intervention (I): Cold applications (cryotherapy, cold compression therapy, etc.)

Comparison (C): Routine postoperative care

Outcome (O): Pain intensity reduction

Synthesis of Evidence

Articles were scanned using Turkish and English keywords among the 2,366 obtained. From various databases, 2,352 were excluded due to study year, language, non-randomized controlled trials, studies not conducted in intensive care units, and repetitions. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The review includes seven randomized controlled trials and seven quasi-experimental designs focusing on cold application techniques for managing postoperative pain. The synthesis showed that cold applications, mainly cryotherapy, and cryotherapy with compression, significantly reduced postoperative pain and swelling.

Method of Evaluation

Studies were assessed for quality based on relevance to the research question and robustness of findings. The focus was on cold application types, pain and swelling measurement, patient satisfaction, and functional recovery outcomes. The systematic analysis revealed patterns and discrepancies among studies.

Results

Most studies showed that cold application techniques significantly help reduce postoperative pain and swelling. The expected benefits included enhanced patient satisfaction and improved functional recovery. Kraeutler et al. found compressive cryotherapy superior to standard ice application for patient comfort and pain reduction. The findings suggest cold applications will likely enhance patient outcomes post-arthroscopic surgeries.

Future Implications for the Nursing Profession

Nurses should implement and maximize cold application practices during postoperative care. Standardizing such practices can optimize benefits. Future research should explore long-term results for different patient populations and various arthroscopic surgeries. Developing evidence-based practice guidelines for these modalities can significantly enhance nursing practice to improve postoperative patient comfort, satisfaction, and functional recovery.