Growth inhibitory peptides: a potential novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment

Abstract

Cancer remains a major global public health concern, with considerable interest in exploring biological molecules for cancer treatment and prevention. Growth inhibitory peptide (GIP), a promising new class of biological therapeutics, has drawn attention for its distinct anti-tumor properties. Derived from human alpha-fetoprotein (HAFP), this synthetic 34-amino-acid peptide has demonstrated substantial anti-tumor effects across various cancer cell lines, effectively inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Studies reveal that GIP mediates its effects through a range of mechanisms, including interactions with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), anti-cell adhesion activities, inhibition of cell spreading and metastatic processes, morphological alterations, platelet aggregation inhibition, immune enhancement, cell membrane disruption, ion channel blockade, and cell cycle arrest. While GIP has exhibited promising anti-tumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo models, further investigation is essential to advance its development as a therapeutic drug, particularly regarding pharmacokinetics, safety profiles, storage stability, and clinical efficacy.