Alginate–kaolinite beads: new bait for controlling leaf-cutting ants†

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants present a significant challenge in tropical countries. Currently, these insects are often controlled using chemical granular baits. While these granules are cost-effective, they have notable drawbacks, particularly their low resistance to humidity. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new formulations that offer improved environmental resilience, gradual release of the active chemical, and effective ant-killing capabilities. This study aimed to create new baits in bead form specifically designed to control leaf-cutting ants (Atta sexdens). The beads were produced through the interaction of organic and inorganic materials, using a mixture of an alginate polymer, clay, sodium tetraborate, Beauveria bassiana spores, and chlorpyrifos. Results from experiments on boron leaching in soil columns indicated that in some cases, 100% of boron leached out after 15 days. Laboratory and field bioassays demonstrated that the beads were attractive and effective in controlling ants. Composites of alginate–kaolinite beads with agrochemicals demonstrated potential as an effective bait option for controlling A. sexdens, performing significant ant-killing results. Composites of alginate–kaolinite beads with agrochemicals demonstrated potential as an effective bait option for controlling A. sexdens, yielding significant ant-killing effects.