{"title":"Non-communicable disease (NCD) burden and their contributing factors among women.","authors":"Zoha Imtiaz Malik, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/07399332.2025.2472174","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 74% of worldwide deaths annually. A search in 'Google Scholar' and 'PubMed' showed a total of 224,854 articles and after adjusting for time period and relevance, 43 were selected. Cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), respiratory diseases and diabetes were the most prevalent NCDs among females. Cancer-related deaths in females are expected to rise to 5.5 million by 2030, and hormonal factors, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity are the biggest contributors. CVD deaths were 8.94 million in 2019, and poor pregnancy outcomes and fertility issues increase females' CVD risk. Respiratory diseases affect 6.16% young females and smoking, a high BMI, and high processed food intake, increase the risk. Diabetes effects 9% women and hormonal factors increase the risk, whereas psychosocial factors may impact diabetes prevention and treatment. The female NCD burden is increasing and there is a need for multi-interventional approach to effectively manage these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47836,"journal":{"name":"Health Care for Women International","volume":" ","pages":"687-701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Health Care for Women International","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2025.2472174","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/31 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 74% of worldwide deaths annually. A search in 'Google Scholar' and 'PubMed' showed a total of 224,854 articles and after adjusting for time period and relevance, 43 were selected. Cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), respiratory diseases and diabetes were the most prevalent NCDs among females. Cancer-related deaths in females are expected to rise to 5.5 million by 2030, and hormonal factors, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity are the biggest contributors. CVD deaths were 8.94 million in 2019, and poor pregnancy outcomes and fertility issues increase females' CVD risk. Respiratory diseases affect 6.16% young females and smoking, a high BMI, and high processed food intake, increase the risk. Diabetes effects 9% women and hormonal factors increase the risk, whereas psychosocial factors may impact diabetes prevention and treatment. The female NCD burden is increasing and there is a need for multi-interventional approach to effectively manage these diseases.
期刊介绍：
Health Care for Women International is a critically acclaimed, international publication that provides a unique interdisciplinary approach to health care and related topics that concern women around the globe. Published twelve times a year, Health Care for Women International includes the newest research, theories, and issues in the fields of public health, social science, health care practice, and health care policy. Scholars and practitioners address topics such as cultural differences, alternative lifestyles, domestic violence, public health issues associated with the aging of the population, maternal morbidity and mortality, infectious diseases, and a host of other gender-based ethical issues. The editor also encourages discussion topics, inviting readers to comment on articles that focus on specific aspects of health issue for women.
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