Fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite scaffold containing zinc-doped mesoporous bioglass: Evaluation of the antioxidant properties, hemocompatibility and proliferation of apical papilla stem cells.

Abstract

Introduction: Nanocomposite scaffolds comprising mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) were able to increase the viability, proliferation, and growth of stem cells in vitro, rendering them promising candidates for dental root tissue regeneration.

Methods: The Sol-Gel process was utilized for the synthesis of MBG and zinc-doped MBG (Zn-MBG), the latter being integrated into alginate/chitosan scaffolds which in turn were cross-linked to strengthen mechanical properties, followed by freeze-drying. The scaffold's physicochemical characterizations were evaluated, followed by investigations of its antioxidant properties, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and porosity. The capacity of these biomaterials to increase cell viability and growth of apical papilla stem cells (SCAPs) and hemocompatibility was assessed as a final step.

Results: All fabricated scaffolds demonstrated proper porosity, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. Nanocomposite scaffolds with Zn-MBG presented a significant enhancement in cell viability for SCAPs compared to alginate/chitosan scaffolds. DPPH tests indicated that the Zn-MBG-alginate/chitosan scaffold showed the highest antioxidant properties.

Conclusion: Zn-MBG-alginate/chitosan nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated great physicochemical characteristics and biological and mechanical properties, marking them as suitable candidates for dental root tissue engineering.