Meniscus-guided coating for organic photovoltaic cells

Abstract

A crucial step in the large-scale fabrication of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is the coating of the functional layers, which directly influences the efficiency and stability of OPV cells. Among various coating techniques, the meniscus-guided coating (MGC) method has emerged as a promising approach, demonstrating unique advantages in achieving uniform and reproducible films while maintaining high material utilization efficiency. This review specifically focuses on the fluid flow dynamics and drying kinetics involved in the MGC process. We systematically analyse how coating parameters, such as coating speed, solution viscosity, and substrate surface energy, govern the final film morphology and device performance. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing the MGC process and fabricating high-quality OPV cells with consistent performance. Besides, we summarize the recent progress in MGC for OPV cells and highlight the state-of-the-art results. Finally, we propose some forward-looking perspectives on the MGC method, with the aim of promoting the commercialization of OPV technology.