Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Predictor of Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Pericardiocentesis: A Retrospective Analysis.

Abstract

Objective: Recurrence of pericardial effusion is possible despite the successful completion of pericardiocentesis and initiation of treatment. Predicting recurrence is important for determining treatment strategies. This study aimed to examine the factors that influence the recurrence of effusion in patients who had undergone pericardiocentesis. Method: A total of 113 patients with the evidence of tamponade or pericardial effusion over 10 mm were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 49 months. Patients with and without recurrent effusion were divided into two groups. PNI calculation (PNI = 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (mm³) formula was used. Results: Recurrent pericardial effusion was observed in 30 patients during the follow-up period. There was no difference in age, gender, hypertension, LVEF%, hypertension, and appearance of fluid when the two groups were compared. There was a difference in PNI score and presence of malignancy between the two groups (p: 0.031 and 0.042, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression showed that malignancy and PNI score were independent predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis (p: 0.015 and p: 0.014, respectively). In the ROC analysis, PNI < 40.75 predicts recurrent pericardial effusion with 75% sensitivity and 58% specificity (AUC: 0.626, 95% CI: 0.509-0.742, and p=0.042). Conclusion: Predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis are important for patient follow-up. PNI is a simple and useful score that can be used to predict recurrent pericardial effusion.