Recent progress in atomic-level manufacturing of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides beyond exfoliation and restacking

Abstract

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2DTMDCs) are promising in quantum computing, flexible electronics, spintronics, sustainable energy systems, and advanced healthcare. To transition 2DTMDCs from the lab to industry, it is crucial to develop scalable and industrially compatible strategies for precisely modulating novel quantum states. In this review, we provide a new classification of atomic-level manufacturing strategies for quantum state manipulation of 2DTMDCs beyond conventional exfoliation and restacking. We begin by summarizing emerging synthesis strategies for high-quality intrinsic 2DTMDCs and approaches for atomic-level engineering. We then explore the novel quantum phenomena that arise from these modifications, examining their underlying mechanisms in three key aspects: (a) quantum state manipulation in intrinsic 2DTMDCs, (b) quantum state engineering through intrinsic atomic engineering, and (c) quantum state modulation via extrinsic heteroatom incorporation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of atomic-scale manufacturing in 2DTMDCs, providing insights into potential research directions.