In situ coupling of Li3VO4 and bifunctional Ni nanoparticles toward enhanced lithium storage

Abstract

Li₃VO₄, characterized by its high theoretical capacity and minimal volume expansion, emerges as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, challenges such as poor electrical conductivity and morphological control hinder its practical application. In this study, we synthesized a homogeneous Li₃VO₄ precursor via a hydrothermal method, ensuring uniform complexation of lithium and vanadium sources. During subsequent spray pyrolysis, the Li₃VO₄ precursor templated the directional adsorption of Ni, facilitating the in situ transformation of the Ni source into nanoparticles and yielding Li₃VO₄-0.50Ni porous microspheres. These microspheres possess an exceptionally large specific surface area of 130.0 m² g⁻¹, enhancing electrolyte contact and reaction kinetics. The incorporation of Ni improves the electrical conductivity of Li₃VO₄ and, in conjunction with dispersed Ni and carbon, mitigates Li₃VO₄ particle aggregation. As a result, Li₃VO₄-0.50Ni demonstrates a discharge capacity of 433.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 3000 cycles at a high current density of 4.0 A g⁻¹, with a capacity retention of approximately 93.3%. This work underscores the potential of Li₃VO₄-0.50Ni as a robust anode material for high-performance LIBs.