Strategies for Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Performance of Transition Metal Thin Films Deposited via Chemical Vapor Process for Hydrogen Cells and Electrolysers

Abstract

Electrocatalysis is essential for facilitating reactions that convert electrical energy into chemical energy or vice versa. This is particularly relevant in the context of renewable energy sources, where efficient hydrogen production through water splitting is critical for energy storage and utilization. This review examines the replacement of platinum group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts with transition metal (TM) thin films synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). TM like nickel, cobalt, and iron have emerged as promising candidates due to their abundance, lower cost, and tunable electronic properties. These materials can achieve comparable or superior performance to PGMs for specific reactions, such as the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). CVD and ALD offer precise control over film thickness, composition, and uniformity, critical factors influencing the electrocatalytic performance. The ability to dope or alloy transition metal thin films further optimizes their catalytic properties for specific applications. This review covers key concepts related to hydrogen technology, electrocatalytic performance, and deposition processes. It identifies trends in TM electrocatalyst development, proposes future strategies for enhancing performance, and draws conclusions on the potential of these materials to revolutionize electrocatalysis for renewable energy applications.