Optimized fabrication of three-component supramolecular nanocomposite films for the simultaneous enhancement of various mechanical and thermal properties

Abstract

Cellulose offers potential applications across various fields, enhancing the mechanical strength, insulation properties, and high-temperature resistance of fiber-reinforced composites through its high aspect ratio characteristics. Despite this, challenges remain due to difficulties in dispersion within the polymer matrix and chemical compatibility. In this study, we fabricated three-component supramolecular nanocomposite films, exploring their morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties. The films were reinforced with heterocyclic aramid nanofibers and cellulose nanocrystals in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. Additionally, we describe the production of heterocyclic aramid nanofibers using a microreactor. The findings reveal that the nanocomposites exhibit enhanced strength and toughness due to robust hydrogen bonding between the matrix and fillers. Optimal results were obtained with a composition of 3 wt% heterocyclic aramid nanofiber and 5 wt% cellulose nanocrystals in PVA, displaying a 2–5 fold increase in tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break compared to pure PVA. Additionally, these films showed improved electronic breakdown strength and thermal stability. These findings highlight the potential of integrating heterocyclic aramid nanofibers and cellulose nanocrystals as innovative polymer reinforcement materials.

Graphical abstract