Decentralized municipal solid waste management system (DMSWMS) as an alternative to centralized MSWMS (CMSWMS) for HEIs based on case study of the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abstract
Like other parts of the world, the source-specific generation of MSW in higher education institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan contain ≥ 70% compostables being managed through CMSWMS, a resource exhaustive environmental degradation approach. CMSWMS in the University of the Punjab, Lahore- 54590, a mother HEI in Pakistan, includes MSW containing over 2/3rd compostables (with ≥ 85% moisture contents) carrying poor collection efficiency and disposal at distantly located open dumps with linear economy. Here, DMSWMS effectiveness compared to CMSWMS was based on composting compostables at source-level to observe variations in the composition and characteristics of the MSW components, collection efficiency, cost, and combustibles’ earlier separation-driven impacts on its drying duration and calorific value for refuse-derived fuel (RDF), and assessing LCA-based acidification potential of carriage and disposal. Compared to CMSWMS, composting-based DMSWMS significantly improved characteristics of the compostables, combustibles, and recyclables. The DMSWMS resulted ≥ 97% collection efficiency, 89% reduction in collection and disposal cost, significant reduction in acidification potential through ≥ 94% GHGEs reduction, and rendered upfront availability of combustibles as RDF with 86% greater GCV. Cumulatively, all the DMSWMS-driven improvisations led the selected HEI in achieving 100% weighing score of MSWM component of the UI Green Metric World University Campus Ranking system. However, for prompting composting-based sustainable DMSWMS at broader scale in a city, multiple studies are required with stakeholders on board from union councils (smallest administrative units analogic to counties), which would streamline DMSWMS integration into MSW sanitation policy framework of municipalities.
与世界其他地区一样，巴基斯坦高等教育机构（HEIs）中特定来源的城市生活垃圾含有≥70%的堆肥，通过CMSWMS进行管理，这是一种资源耗尽的环境退化方法。巴基斯坦拉合尔旁遮普省大学（University of the Punjab, Lahore- 54590）的CMSWMS包括含有超过2/3的堆肥（含水量≥85%）的城市生活垃圾，收集效率较差，并在偏远的露天垃圾场进行线性经济处理。在本研究中，DMSWMS与CMSWMS相比的有效性是基于在源水平上对堆肥进行堆肥，以观察生活垃圾成分的组成和特征、收集效率、成本以及可燃物早期分离对其干燥时间和垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）热值的影响，并评估基于lca的运输和处置酸化潜力。与CMSWMS相比，基于堆肥的DMSWMS显著改善了可堆肥物、可燃物和可回收物的特性。DMSWMS的收集效率≥97%，收集和处理成本降低89%，通过减少≥94%的温室气体显著降低酸化潜力，并使可燃物作为RDF的前期可用性提高86% GCV。累积起来，所有dmswms驱动的即兴表演都使选定的HEI在UI绿色度量世界大学校园排名系统的MSWM组成部分中获得了100%的权重分数。然而，为了在城市更大范围内推动基于堆肥的可持续DMSWMS，需要与来自联盟理事会（类似于县的最小行政单位）的利益相关者进行多次研究，这将简化DMSWMS融入城市生活垃圾卫生政策框架。
期刊介绍：
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment emphasizes technical developments and data arising from environmental monitoring and assessment, the use of scientific principles in the design of monitoring systems at the local, regional and global scales, and the use of monitoring data in assessing the consequences of natural resource management actions and pollution risks to man and the environment.
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