SGLT2 inhibitor use and renal outcomes in low-risk population with diabetes mellitus and normal or low body mass index.

Abstract

Introduction: Recent post hoc analyses indicate that patients with normal or low body mass index (BMI) benefit from sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use. We aimed to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal and patient outcomes in patients with diabetes and normal or low BMI.

Research design and methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 5,842 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI<23 kg/m² from 2016 to 2020. Patients were divided into control and SGLT2 inhibitor groups and matched using propensity scores. The primary outcome was the annual change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secondary outcomes included change in BMI, a composite renal outcome (eGFR decline of ≥40% from baseline or end-stage kidney disease), all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Results: Overall, 648 patients were selected for propensity score matching, of whom 216 (33.3%) were receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. The mean age and eGFR were 61.6 years and 84.7 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. The median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was 11.6 mg/gCr. The control group showed relatively unchanged eGFR over time, whereas the SGLT2 inhibitor group showed an increase in eGFR over time (0.0 vs +0.3 mL/min/1.73 m²/year, p=0.0398). SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR 0.171, 95% CI 0.041 to 0.718, p=0.0159) and composite renal outcome (HR 0.223, 95% CI 0.052 to 0.952; p=0.0426), but not with the risk of CVD.

Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitor use may reduce the risk of eGFR decline and all-cause mortality even in low-risk patients with diabetes and normal or low BMI.