GC/MS and LC Composition Analysis of Essential Oil and Extracts From Wild Rosemary: Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Biomedical Chromatography Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1002/bmc.70084

Nasma Mahboub, Inasse Cherfi, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abderrhmane Bouafia, Abir Benaissa, Khaoula Alia, Fahad Alharthi, Khansaa Al-Essa, Farid Menaa

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Abstract

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a widely used medicinal plant known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluates the bioactive potential of its essential oil (EO), methanolic (ME), and aqueous (AE) extracts. GC-MS analysis identified α-pinene (21.37%), bornanone (12.73%), and eucalyptol (8.28%) as major EO components, while HPLC revealed ME's richness in salicylic acid (5.11 μg/mg) and rutin (0.43 μg/mg). Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH and FRAP assays, showed ME with the strongest radical scavenging capacity (IC₅₀ = 27.30 ± 2.4%) and reducing power (IC₅₀ = 90.88 ± 6.7%). Antimicrobial testing revealed EO as the most effective, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus (33 mm inhibition zone) and Bacillus subtilis (32 mm), while AE and ME exhibited moderate activity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all extracts. Additionally, AE demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory activity (IC₅₀ = 55.88 ± 1.02%). These findings highlight rosemary as a rich source of bioactive compounds with strong pharmacological potential, positioning ME as the best antioxidant, EO as the most potent antimicrobial, and AE as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

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野生迷迭香精油和提取物的GC/MS和LC组成分析：抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎活性评价

迷迭香是一种广泛使用的药用植物，以其抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎特性而闻名。本研究评估了其精油（EO），甲醇（ME）和水（AE）提取物的生物活性潜力。气相色谱-质谱分析鉴定α-蒎烯（21.37%）、龙骨酮（12.73%）和桉油醇（8.28%）是主要的EO成分，HPLC分析显示ME在水杨酸（5.11 μg/mg）和芦丁（0.43 μg/mg）中含量丰富。DPPH和FRAP测定显示，ME具有最强的自由基清除能力（IC50 = 27.30±2.4%）和还原能力（IC50 = 90.88±6.7%）。抗菌试验表明，EO对金黄色葡萄球菌（33 mm抑制区）和枯草芽孢杆菌（32 mm抑制区）的抑菌效果最好，AE和ME的抑菌效果中等。铜绿假单胞菌对所有提取物均有耐药性。AE具有明显的抗炎活性（IC50 = 55.88±1.02%）。这些发现强调了迷迭香是具有强大药理潜力的生物活性化合物的丰富来源，将ME定位为最佳抗氧化剂，EO是最有效的抗菌剂，AE是有效的抗炎剂。

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来源期刊

Biomedical Chromatography 生物-分析化学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

268

审稿时长

2.3 months

期刊介绍： Biomedical Chromatography is devoted to the publication of original papers on the applications of chromatography and allied techniques in the biological and medical sciences. Research papers and review articles cover the methods and techniques relevant to the separation, identification and determination of substances in biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology, cell biology, clinical chemistry, pharmacology and related disciplines. These include the analysis of body fluids, cells and tissues, purification of biologically important compounds, pharmaco-kinetics and sequencing methods using HPLC, GC, HPLC-MS, TLC, paper chromatography, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, electrophoresis and related techniques.