Salt-Based Electrolyte Additives for Regulating the Interface Chemistry of Zinc Metal Anodes in High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc–metal batteries (AZMBs) are emerging as a promising green and low-cost energy storage solution, distinguished by their high safety and environmental friendliness. However, the industrialization of AZMBs is currently hindered by significant challenges, particularly uncontrollable dendritic growth and side reactions at the zinc metal anode interface, which severely limit their large-scale application. To address these issues, salt-based electrolyte additives have emerged as a straightforward, economical, and practical solution. This review systematically classifies and analyzes the working mechanisms of inorganic, organic, and ammonium salt-based additives, elucidating their roles in regulating solvation structures, hydrogen bond networks, pH levels, interfacial protective layers, electric fields, and Zn²⁺ deposition behaviors. These additives enhance anode stability and mitigate side reactions, thereby improving overall electrochemical performance. Additionally, the review offers valuable insights into future directions for the development of salt-based electrolyte additives, providing essential guidance for advancing research in this field.