Efficient pseudo-supercapacitor fabricated via one-pot synthesis of bismuth (III) oxide-bismuthyl chloride/poly-3-methyl benzene amine core–shell nanocomposite

Abstract

The one-pot synthesis of a bismuth (III) oxide-bismuthyl chloride/poly-3-methyl benzene amine (Bi₂O₃-BiOCl/P3MBA) core–shell nanocomposite has been successfully performed to create an efficient pseudo-supercapacitor. The core–shell structure is confirmed by TEM and SEM, showing the incorporation of inorganic materials within the polymer network, with a size of 120 nm. The XRD analysis reveals strong peaks indicative of the nanocomposite's high crystallinity, with an average crystal size of 67 nm. The presence of Bi2O3 and BiOCl is further verified through XRD and XPS analyses, with doublet peaks observed for these materials. A three-electrode cell was constructed, utilizing the nanocomposite prepared as a paste and cast onto a graphite sheet. The pseudo-supercapacitor demonstrated impressive performance, maintaining 99.0% stability after 1000 cycles, an energy density (E) of 4.5 Wh/kg, and a power density (P) of 350 mW/kg. These results highlight the supercapacitor's excellent storage capabilities. Considering its cost-effectiveness, this supercapacitor shows great promise for efficient application in commercial industrial fields.