Optimization of classroom window design using CFD and the Taguchi method

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of window position, width, height, and distance from the floor on CO₂ concentration and draft risk (DR) in a typical classroom environment using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Taguchi method. The analysis assumes a classroom occupancy of 31 individuals, including the teacher. While the primary objective was to minimize CO₂ concentration, the influence of the parameters on DR was also evaluated. Four variable levels were defined for each parameter to create a comprehensive solution space. By employing an orthogonal array, only 16 parameter sets were simulated, significantly reducing computational costs while maintaining feasibility. Results indicate that window position is the most critical factor in CO₂ concentration and DR, followed by width, height, and distance from the floor. The impact ratios quantifying the relative importance of each parameter are presented for both metrics. The optimal parameter set for minimizing mean CO₂ concentration and DR is identified and validated through additional CFD simulations.