Energy Stable and Maximum Bound Principle Preserving Schemes for the [math]-Tensor Flow of Liquid Crystals

Abstract

SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, Volume 63, Issue 2, Page 854-880, April 2025.
Abstract. In this paper, we propose two efficient fully discrete schemes for [math]-tensor flow of liquid crystals by using the first- and second-order stabilized exponential scalar auxiliary variable (sESAV) approach in time and the finite difference method for spatial discretization. The modified discrete energy dissipation laws are unconditionally satisfied for both two constructed schemes. A particular feature is that, for two-dimensional (2D) and a kind of three-dimensional (3D) [math]-tensor flow, the unconditional maximum bound principle (MBP) preservation of the constructed first-order scheme is successfully established, and the proposed second-order scheme preserves the discrete MBP property with a mild restriction on the time-step sizes. Furthermore, we rigorously derive the corresponding error estimates for the fully discrete second-order schemes by using the built-in stability results. Finally, various numerical examples validating the theoretical results, such as the orientation of liquid crystal in 2D and 3D, are presented for the constructed schemes.