A Comprehensive Analysis of Battery EV (BEV) Performance Under Conflicting Metrics Through Strategic State of Charge Management

Abstract

Performance management is crucial for the operational longevity of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), with state of charge (SoC) profiles significantly influencing various (conflicting) performance metrics such as battery health degradation, achievable range, charging time, and aging cost. The proposed methodology uses an SoC-tuple profile ( ${\text {SoC}}_{\max }$ , ${\text {SoC}}_{\min }$ , and $\Delta _{\text {SoC}}$ ) to address the complex interaction of these factors and enhance the overall operational life cycle of BEVs. Five different drive profiles were examined, and their capacity retention was assessed over a set distance of 100 000 km. The profiles were classified into slow and fast degradation categories based on their performance. A profile from each category was chosen to evaluate the trade-offs between degradation, range, charging time, and aging cost. The findings reveal the presence of effective SoC-tuple strategies that strike a balance between battery pack health degradation, achievable range, practical charging time, and aging cost. Additionally, the dynamics of the drive cycle profile introduce another layer to this comparison, leading to significant variations in capacity retention after covering a distance of 100 000 km.