A Narrative Review on Predictive Models for Bleeding Risk Associated With Anticoagulant Therapy in Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract

The prediction of bleeding risk is crucial for the standardized treatment of venous thromboembolism. This article introduces the definition and importance of predicting anticoagulant therapy–related bleeding in venous thromboembolism and reviews the latest research on existing anticoagulant therapy-related bleeding risk prediction models, especially HAS-BLED, RIETE, and VTE-BLEED models in recent years. It is found that existing clinical factor–based bleeding risk prediction models have certain predictive significance for bleeding events, but there is still a gap compared to ideal models, and dynamic evaluation is more important. This review also explores new models for predicting bleeding risk and provides a reference for clinical physicians to develop anticoagulant strategies.