Bis-alkynylphosphine Oxide Pt(II) Complexes: Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescence Enhancement and Mechanochromic Luminescence Properties

Abstract

Four bis-alkynyl Pt(II) complexes [Pt(dtbpy)(C₂–L–P(O)Ph₂)₂] with dtbpy = 4,4′-ditertbutyl-2,2′-bipyridine and alkynylphosphine oxide ligands (L = no linker, Pt0; phenyl, Pt1; biphenyl, Pt2; naphthyl, Pt3) have been synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal XRD analysis. It has been found that the nature of the π-conjugated linker is a key factor in fine-tuning the emission energy of the complexes in solution and in achieving the aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) effect for complex Pt0 with the most compact linker. Phosphine oxide fragment, which can be involved in weak intermolecular interactions, promotes the existence of two solid forms with different luminescence properties. These two forms can be switched from one to another upon grinding, thus featuring distinct mechanochromic luminescence properties. TDDFT calculations are consistent with the experimental results and assign mixed ³MLCT and ³LL′CT solution emission character and ³MMLCT and ³LL′CT emission nature in supramolecular dimeric structures.