Single-Atom Pt-Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes for Boosted Photocatalytic Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agents

Abstract

The organophosphorus compounds, as nerve agents and more broadly used as chemical warfare agents (CWAs), are difficult to remove through traditional water treatment due to their low concentrations. Single-atom (SA) catalysts, owing to their spatial atomic isolation, unsaturated coordination centers, and distinct electronic structures, can realize a maximum atom-utilization efficiency of up to 100%, thus offering outstanding catalytic performance. A highly efficient photocatalyst was synthesized by assembling single-atom Pt on TiO₂ nanotubes as support, and its physicochemical properties were confirmed through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. This unique structure of SA-Pt/TiO₂ exhibited significantly high performance in photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in water, achieving a removal efficiency of 95% at an initial concentration of 80 ppm under xenon lamp irradiation. Introducing single-atom Pt led to a photocatalytic degradation rate that was 6.3 times that of the blank TiO₂ sample, which can be explained by the fact that single-atom Pt effectively promoted the transfer of photogenerated electrons from TiO₂ sites to Pt, thereby facilitating the separation of charge carriers. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that Pt doping on the TiO₂(101) surface enhanced the adsorption capacity for DMMP and improved the redox capability, leading to a high photocatalytic activity. The study provides a strategy for developing highly efficient single-metal-atom-based photocatalysts, which is of great significance for efficiently removing trace amounts of chemical warfare agents from water.