Piezoelectric and thermodynamic performance in Mn doped rhombohedral 0.27Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.46Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.27PbTiO3 single crystal

Abstract

Gaining insight into piezoelectric anisotropy performance of ferroelectrics in 3D space and temperature dependent characteristics is essential for designing high-performance devices. This work investigates the anisotropy and thermal stability of longitudinal piezoelectricity in rhombohedral Mn doped 0.27Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-0.46Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.27PbTiO₃ relaxor ferroelectric single crystal by performing coordinate transformation of the single-domain piezoelectric matrix. It’s found that in rhombohedral temperature range, the $d_{33}^{*}$ profile expends with temperature while maintaining its shape, making the maximum $d_{33}^{*}$ increases from 1135 to 2666 pC/N, while the direction where it occurs remains fixed with stable anisotropy. Thermodynamic investigations show that the improved temperature-induced polarization extension and rotation are equally favored, resulting in enhanced piezoelectricity and stable anisotropy. Finally, Comparison with tetragonal and orthorhombic crystals in aspects of dielectric and electrostrictive anisotropy shows that the pronounced anisotropy in the rhombohedral phase originates from high electrostrictive anisotropy, linked to the BO₆ octahedron of the perovskite structure.