Vildagliptin topical ointment: an effective treatment for imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-related dermatosis characterized by inflamed, thickened, brownish-red, peeling skin patches. Vildagliptin is an anti-diabetic drug with novel anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-proliferative activities. This study aimed to assess the anti-psoriatic activity of topical vildagliptin. 40 Swiss albino mice were sorted into five groups, each with 8 animals. The control group obtained no treatment. The induction group obtained imiquimod cream (5%) at a dose of 62.5 mg per day. The vehicle group obtained imiquimod (as did the induction group), accompanied by topical vehicle application. The clobetasol group obtained imiquimod cream (as did the induction group), and two hours later, clobetasol ointment (0.05%) was administered. The vildagliptin group obtained imiquimod (as in the induction group), followed by topical vildagliptin ointment (3%), two hours after induction. The experiment lasts for 8 consecutive days. Evaluations were conducted on the results of biochemical indicators, histological assessments, and clinical observations. Vildagliptin administered topically effectively corrected psoriatic histological irregularities, improved the psoriasis-like skin lesions such as erythema, flacking, and acanthosis, and attenuated the imiquimod-provoked elevations of PASI and Baker’s score. Further, overexpression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-17 A, IL-23, and IL-22), angiogenic markers (VEGF), oxidative-stress components (MDA and SOD), and proliferative factors (Ki-67) were dramatically mitigated by vildagliptin treatment. Topical vildagliptin has profound anti-psoriatic effects.