Recent Advances of Using Exosomes as Diagnostic Markers and Targeting Carriers for Cardiovascular Disease

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Molecular Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00268

Ni Li, Tianyuan Zhang, Linwen Zhu, Lebo Sun, Guofeng Shao* and Jianqing Gao*,

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human death worldwide. Exosomes act as endogenous biological vectors; they possess advantages of low immunogenicity and low safety risks, also providing tissue selectivity, including the inherent targeting the to heart. Therefore, exosomes not only have been applied as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome confirmation but also showed potential as drug carriers for cardiovascular targeting delivery. This review aims to summarize the progress and challenges of exosomes as novel biomarkers, especially many novel exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and also provides an overview of the improved targeting functions of exosomes by unique engineered approaches, the latest developed administration methods, and the therapeutic effects of exosomes used as the biocarriers of medications for cardiovascular disease treatment. Also, the possible therapeutic mechanisms and the potentials for transferring exosomes to the clinic for CVD treatment are discussed. The advances, in vivo and in vitro applications, modifications, mechanisms, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for CVD treatment.

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外泌体作为心血管疾病诊断标志物和靶向载体的研究进展

心血管疾病(cvd)是全世界人类死亡的主要原因。外泌体作为内源性生物载体;它们具有低免疫原性和低安全风险的优点，也具有组织选择性，包括固有的靶向心脏。因此，外泌体不仅被用作诊断和治疗结果确认的生物标志物，而且还显示出作为心血管靶向递送药物载体的潜力。本文综述了外泌体作为新型生物标志物的研究进展和面临的挑战，特别是许多新型的外泌体非编码rna (ncRNAs)，并概述了外泌体通过独特的工程方法改进的靶向功能、最新开发的给药方法以及外泌体作为心血管疾病药物生物载体的治疗效果。此外，还讨论了可能的治疗机制和将外泌体转移到临床用于心血管疾病治疗的潜力。本文综述的进展、体内和体外应用、修饰、机制和挑战将使人们对这种有前景的CVD治疗策略有一个大致的了解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Pharmaceutics 医学-药学

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

6.10%

发文量

391

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Pharmaceutics publishes the results of original research that contributes significantly to the molecular mechanistic understanding of drug delivery and drug delivery systems. The journal encourages contributions describing research at the interface of drug discovery and drug development. Scientific areas within the scope of the journal include physical and pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics, molecular and cellular biology, and polymer and materials science as they relate to drug and drug delivery system efficacy. Mechanistic Drug Delivery and Drug Targeting research on modulating activity and efficacy of a drug or drug product is within the scope of Molecular Pharmaceutics. Theoretical and experimental peer-reviewed research articles, communications, reviews, and perspectives are welcomed.