Low dose streptozotocin diabetes after partial pancreatectomy in dogs. Histological findings in a new type of experimental diabetes.

Abstract

Permanent diabetes was produced in 16 out of 55 dogs by partial pancreatectomy (77% of the calculated organ weight) and simultaneous infusion of 2 mg/kg streptozotocin into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. The animals exhibited hyperglycemia, absolute lack of endogenous B-cell function, and ketosis, but no exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 21 animals needed up to 7 additional subsequent intravenous streptozotocin injections (15 mg/kg each at intervals of 3 days). In 18 animals the procedure failed to render them diabetic; they died mainly from toxic effects of the drug. There were severe pathohistological changes in all streptozotocin-treated animals. Besides the well known alterations of the islets of Langerhans, lymphocytic inflammations were found in numerous organs including the exocrine pancreas. In most cases they were combined with degenerative changes of the organ parenchyma, particularly in kidney and liver. These findings were not correlated to the sex of the animals, to the occurrence and severity if diabetes, to the time of survival, or to the streptozotocin dose applied. But they were obviously related to the clinical picture existing besides diabetes. It is concluded that the model of experimental diabetes presented might be useful in a carnivorous big animal species but that toxic streptozotocin effects are to be expected when the dose administered exceeds 2 mg/kg.