[ Onchocerciasis control program in West Africa: socioeconomic development and risk of recrudescence of transmission. 1. Experimental study of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus strains from Southwestern Sierra Leone by Simulium sirbanum].

K Doucouré, Y Bissan, C Back, J M Hougard, H Agoua, P Guillet, M Konaré, D Quillévéré
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Abstract

As part of the return of savanna migrants installed since a long time in forest regions, in the south of Sierra Leone, we carried out an experimental study about a cross-transmission between Simulium sirbanum from Missira (West-Mali) and the forest strain of Onchocerca volvulus in the south-west of Sierra Leone. This study will allow to know if there is a risk of onchocerciasis transmission recrudescence in relation to the reinstallation of these migrants in their native region. Because of the very high limitation to the forest strain of O. volvulus microfilariae output of the peritrophic membrane reduction with savanna black-flies and according to the very low mature parasite out put of S. sirbanum with this strain observed along this experimentation, the forest strain of O. volvulus from the south Sierra Leone appears maladjusted to S. sirbanum, the main vector of onchocerciasis in savanna regions. This observation implicates a very low intensity of transmission for this forest strain by savanna onchocerciasis vectors. The return of savanna migrants in their native region, installed in the south Sierra Leone since several decades, could not be, in a short time, an origin of onchocerciasis recrudescence in savanna regions of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area cleaned by an effective vector control carried out since 1975 sustained now by a chemotherapeutic treatment reducing the human parasite reservoir. However, the preservation of this acquired necessitates an epidemiological supervision increased, because the interactions between the vector and the parasite for a long time could carry away a mutual adaptation and a sickness recrudescence.

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西非盘尾丝虫病控制规划:社会经济发展和传播复发风险。1. 塞拉利昂西南部盘尾丝虫病传播的实验研究[j]。
作为长期安置在塞拉利昂南部森林地区的热带草原移民返回的一部分,我们开展了一项关于来自密西拉(马里西部)的siulium sirbanum与塞拉利昂西南部盘尾盘尾虫(Onchocerca volvulus)森林菌株交叉传播的实验研究。这项研究将有助于了解将这些移民重新安置在其原籍地区是否存在盘尾丝虫病传播复发的风险。由于涡旋丝虫森林菌株对稀树草原黑蝇的周营养膜减少产量的限制非常高,并且根据本实验中观察到的S. sirbanum成熟寄生虫产量非常低,来自塞拉利昂南部的涡旋丝虫森林菌株似乎不适应S. sirbanum,稀树草原地区盘尾丝虫病的主要媒介。这一观察结果表明,热带草原盘尾丝虫病媒介对这一森林毒株的传播强度非常低。几十年来定居在塞拉利昂南部的热带稀树草原移徙者返回其原籍地区,在短期内不可能成为盘尾丝虫病在盘尾丝虫病控制方案地区的热带稀树草原地区复发的根源,该方案自1975年以来进行了有效的病媒控制,现已由减少人类寄生虫储存库的化学疗法维持。然而,这种获得性的保存需要加强流行病学监督,因为病媒和寄生虫之间的长期相互作用可能导致相互适应和疾病复发。
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