Entrainment of nocturnal pituitary-adrenocortical activity to sleep processes in man--a hypothesis.

H L Fehm, E Späth-Schwalbe, R Pietrowsky, W Kern, J Born
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引用次数: 30

Abstract

The 24 hr patterns of plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations are characterized by prominent circadian and ultradian oscillations. Usually both, nadir and acrophase of the circadian rhythm occur during sleep. This led us to re-evaluated the temporal relationship between sleep processes and nocturnal plasma ACTH and cortisol levels and the impact of several types of sleep manipulation (sleep delay, sleep disruption, sleep prolongation, sleep deprivation, and reversal of the sleep-wake cycle). Pituitary-adrenocortical activity appeared to be linked to the cyclic process of nocturnal sleep with inhibitory influences present during the first two sleep cycles. After initiation of the third sleep cycle stimulatory effects of sleep prevailed, lasting until awakening. The sleep associated influences appeared to act in concert with influences of circadian oscillators and resulted in an amplification of the circadian rhythm of pituitary-adrenal activity; they were strong enough to entrain the circadian rhythm of the pituitary-adrenal system to the sleep-wake cycle, as long as phase delays were moderate. However, with acute sleep-wake reversals the sleep associated influences were masked by the dominant effects of the circadian clock. In contrast, GH secretion appeared to be controlled primarily be sleep-associated mechanism with only minor circadian influences.

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人类夜间垂体-肾上腺皮质活动对睡眠过程的影响——一种假说。
血浆ACTH和皮质醇浓度的24小时模式以突出的昼夜节律和超昼夜振荡为特征。通常,昼夜节律的最低点和最高点都发生在睡眠期间。这导致我们重新评估睡眠过程与夜间血浆ACTH和皮质醇水平之间的时间关系,以及几种睡眠操作(睡眠延迟、睡眠中断、睡眠延长、睡眠剥夺和睡眠-觉醒周期逆转)的影响。垂体-肾上腺皮质活动似乎与夜间睡眠的循环过程有关,在前两个睡眠周期中存在抑制影响。在第三个睡眠周期开始后,睡眠的刺激作用占了上风,一直持续到醒来。睡眠相关的影响似乎与昼夜节律振荡器的影响一致,导致垂体-肾上腺活动的昼夜节律放大;只要阶段延迟是适度的,它们就足以将垂体-肾上腺系统的昼夜节律引入睡眠-觉醒周期。然而,在急性睡眠-觉醒逆转中,与睡眠相关的影响被生物钟的主导作用所掩盖。相比之下,生长激素的分泌似乎主要受睡眠相关机制的控制,只有轻微的昼夜节律影响。
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