The U.S. National Marrow Donor Program.

H A Perkins, J A Hansen
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Abstract

Purpose: The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) of the United States has nearly 650,000 unrelated potential marrow donors in its registry and > 1,225 marrow transplants have been performed.

Patient and methods: In 1991, 43% of patients who requested a search found at least one HLA-A-, -B-, -DR-identical donor in the files. The chance of finding a donor match is much better within one's own ethnic group. The individuals enrolled in the donor file are 67.0% white, 3.8% black, 3.0% Asian, 3.9% Hispanic, and 0.8% Native American. Therefore, patients who belong to ethnic minorities are at an obvious disadvantage in obtaining marrow donors. Because of this deficiency, the program has embarked on an aggressive campaign of recruitment of minority donors.

Results: Reciprocal search agreements with other countries have made another 200,000 potential donors available, but it is not likely that black patients will find help by this route.

Conclusions: Several efforts are being made to speed up the search process and to ensure more accurate definition of identities. These efforts include prospective HLA-DR typing of donors in the file, storage of a sample of frozen blood from each donor to permit class II typing (HLA-DR, -DQ) by DNA techniques, and eliminating the mixed lymphocyte culture test as a requirement for designating a given donor as HLA identical.

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美国国家骨髓捐赠计划。
目的:美国国家骨髓捐赠计划(NMDP)在其登记中有近65万名无血缘关系的潜在骨髓捐赠者,已经进行了超过1225例骨髓移植。患者和方法:1991年,43%的患者要求搜索至少有一个HLA-A, - b, - dr相同的供体在文件中。在自己的种族中找到匹配的供体的机会要大得多。在捐献档案中登记的个体中,白人占67.0%,黑人占3.8%,亚裔占3.0%,西班牙裔占3.9%,美洲原住民占0.8%。因此,少数民族患者在获得骨髓供体方面处于明显的劣势。由于这方面的不足,该项目开始积极招募少数族裔捐助者。结果:与其他国家的互惠搜索协议使另外20万名潜在的捐赠者得以获得,但黑人患者不太可能通过这种途径获得帮助。结论:正在作出若干努力,以加快搜索过程,确保更准确地确定身份。这些努力包括在档案中对献血者进行前瞻性HLA- dr分型,存储每个献血者的冷冻血液样本,以便通过DNA技术进行II类分型(HLA- dr, -DQ),并取消将混合淋巴细胞培养试验作为指定给定献血者HLA相同的要求。
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