Role of proteases in implantation.

L A Salamonsen
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引用次数: 196

Abstract

Implantation of the embryo into the endometrium is a critical step in the establishment of pregnancy and the failure of embryos to implant is a major limiting factor in the success of reproductive technologies. Furthermore, one or more of the molecules of importance at implantation could provide a suitable target for post-coital contraception. While there is considerable species variation in the extent to which the trophoblast invades the maternal endometrium and makes contact with the maternal blood supply, many of the molecular mechanisms are conserved among species. Three families of protease are involved in the matrix degradation required for implantation: the cysteine, serine and matrix metalloproteinases. Other proteases are required for the activation of regulatory molecules. Although trophoblast from all species appears to have a high invasive potential, this is limited by the presence of partner protease inhibitors, the presence of which provides restraint to this invasion. It is the balance between the proteases and their inhibitors at any focal point that determines the site and extent of trophoblast invasion. This review examines the literature regarding proteases and their inhibitors at early implantation sites across a range of species with very different forms of placentation and evaluates their common features and their dissimilarities.
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蛋白酶在植入中的作用。
胚胎植入子宫内膜是建立妊娠的关键步骤,胚胎植入失败是生殖技术成功的主要限制因素。此外,一种或多种在植入过程中起重要作用的分子可能为性交后避孕提供合适的靶点。虽然滋养细胞侵入母体子宫内膜并与母体血液供应接触的程度存在相当大的物种差异,但许多分子机制在物种之间是保守的。三种蛋白酶家族参与了植入所需的基质降解:半胱氨酸、丝氨酸和基质金属蛋白酶。其他蛋白酶是调节分子激活所必需的。尽管所有物种的滋养细胞似乎都具有很高的侵袭潜力,但这受到伴侣蛋白酶抑制剂的存在的限制,后者的存在对这种入侵提供了限制。这是在任何焦点的蛋白酶和它们的抑制剂之间的平衡,决定了滋养细胞侵袭的位置和程度。本文回顾了在不同胎盘形式的物种中,关于早期着床部位的蛋白酶及其抑制剂的文献,并评估了它们的共同特征和不同之处。
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