Neurophysiological imaging techniques in dementia.

G Comi, L Leocani
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

Neurophysiological methods, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials, are useful tools in the investigation of brain cognitive function in normal and pathological conditions, with an excellent time resolution when compared to that of other functional imaging techniques. Advanced techniques using a high number of EEG channels also enable a good spatial resolution to be achieved. This, together with the possibility of integration with other anatomical and functional images, may increase the ability to localize brain functions. Spectral analysis of the resting EEG, which gives information on the integrity of the cortical and subcortical networks involved in the generation of cortical rhythms, has the limitation of low sensitivity and specificity for the type of cognitive impairment. In almost all types of dementia, decreased power of the high frequencies is indeed observed in mild stages, accompanied by increased power of the slow rhythms in the more advanced phases. The sensitivity for the detection of spectral abnormalities is improved by studying centroid modifications. More specific information on the type of dementia can be provided by coherence analysis of the resting EEG, a measure of functional cortico-cortical connections, which has different abnormal patterns in Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dementia and dementia associated with multiple sclerosis. Another tool for improving the assessment of demented patients is the study of EEG activity related to particular tasks, such as event-related potentials and event-related desynchronization/synchronization of the EEG, which allow the study of brain activation during cognitive and motor tasks.

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痴呆的神经生理成像技术。
神经生理学方法,如脑电图(EEG)和事件相关电位,是研究正常和病理条件下大脑认知功能的有用工具,与其他功能成像技术相比,具有出色的时间分辨率。使用大量EEG通道的先进技术也可以实现良好的空间分辨率。这一点,再加上与其他解剖和功能图像整合的可能性,可能会增加大脑功能定位的能力。静息脑电图的频谱分析可以提供参与皮层节律产生的皮层和皮层下网络的完整性信息,但对认知障碍类型的敏感性和特异性较低。在几乎所有类型的痴呆症中,在轻度阶段确实观察到高频功率的下降,伴随着在较晚期阶段缓慢节奏的功率增加。通过对质心变化的研究,提高了光谱异常检测的灵敏度。关于痴呆症类型的更具体信息可以通过静息脑电图的一致性分析提供,这是一种功能性皮质-皮质连接的测量,在阿尔茨海默病、脑血管痴呆和多发性硬化症相关痴呆中具有不同的异常模式。另一个改进痴呆患者评估的工具是研究与特定任务相关的脑电图活动,如事件相关电位和事件相关的脑电图去同步/同步,这使得研究认知和运动任务期间的大脑激活成为可能。
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