Revealing Charge-Transfer Dynamics at Buried Charge-Selective Heterointerface in Highly Effective Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The suboptimal carrier dynamics at the heterointerface between the perovskite and charge transport layer severely limit further performance enhancement of the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we completely map charge carrier extraction and recombination kinetics over a broad time range at buried electron-selective heterointerfaces via ultrafast transient technologies. It is revealed that the heterointerfaces carefully contain the electronic processes of free charge generation in perovskite within ∼2.8 ps, relaxation process of trap-state induced electron capturing less than ∼10.0 ps, electron extraction from perovskite to SnO₂ within ∼194 ps, trap-assisted recombination within ∼2047 ps, and recombination between back-injected electrons and remaining holes within ∼8.4 ns. Moreover, we further demonstrate that the inserted poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) thin layer can effectively enhance the electron extraction from perovskite to SnO₂, block the undesired electron back injection, and significantly suppress the nonradiative recombination, contributing to the improved device parameters of photovoltage and fill factor. This work sheds light on charge-transfer limitations at the perovskite buried heterointerface and provides an effective guide of ideal heterointerface design for promoting charge transfer and improving PSC performance.