[Sporting activities and psychoactive substance use. Data abstracted from the French part of the European School Survey on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD 99)].

Abstract

Few studies have analyzed in the general population psychoactive substance use among athletes, especially among females. In fact, sporting activity is often promoted in prevention actions, as an alternative to addiction or alcohol, tobacco or other substance misuse. So, we propose an analysis of the ESPAD 1999 sample among students (16-18 years old), focused on the relationship between sporting activities and substance use. Boys play sport more frequently than girls (71.5% versus 49.5%) and report 8 hours and more a week 4 more times than girls (14% versus 3.5%). Sixty-eight percent of boys and 36% of girls have already participated in sport competitions, more often at a local, departmental or regional level; a minority of them (26% of boys and 20% of girls) have already participated in sport competitions at a national or international level. Sporting activity is decreasing with age among girls, students from general lycée play sport more frequently than others do (vocational lycée); the higher the father's education level, the more frequently the students play sport. Moderate sporting activity (1-8 hours a week) is a protective factor against regular smoking (OR=0.54 in boys and OR=0.60 in girls) and against regular cannabis use among boys (OR=0.64). Intensive sporting activity (>8 hours a week) is a risk factor for illicit drugs (except cannabis) use (OR=2.74) and sleeping drugs/tranquillizers (OR=1.82) only among girls. Competition level is the most important risk factor for substance misuse as well in boys (except sleeping drugs/tranquillizers) as in girls. Practical implications are: adjusting health policy concerning the beneficial effects of sporting activity, raising sports associations abilities and avoiding doping and addiction in high-level sporting activities.