Mental rotation abilities in individuals with Down syndrome--a pilot study.

Claire Hinnell, Naznin Virji-Babul
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Abstract

This pilot study was designed to examine mental rotation ability in individuals with Down syndrome. 7 individuals with Down syndrome (mean mental age = 8.18 +/- 2.73 years; mean chronological age = 29.8 +/- 5.4 years) and a group of 9 typically developing children, matched for mental age, (mean mental age = 8.40 +/- 1.73 years; mean chronological age = 7.2 +/- 1.2 years) were given a version of Cooper and Shepherd's (1973) mental rotation paradigm. On each trial, participants viewed a symbol representing an upper case 'F' or a mirror image of an 'F'. The symbol was presented at one of eight different orientations. The participant's task was to determine whether the letter was reversed or non-reversed. Interestingly, both groups showed similar trends in increased reaction times with increasing angular disparity, suggesting that both groups were performing mental rotations. There was no significant difference in reaction time between the typically developing and Down syndrome groups, however, the Down syndrome group made significantly more errors than the typically developing group. Participants with Down syndrome were able to carry out the mental rotations at well above chance level and mental rotation ability was shown to correlate with mental age.

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唐氏综合症患者的心理旋转能力——一项初步研究。
这项初步研究旨在检查唐氏综合症患者的心理旋转能力。唐氏综合征7例(平均心理年龄= 8.18±2.73岁;平均实足年龄= 29.8 +/- 5.4岁)和一组9名正常发育儿童,心理年龄匹配(平均心理年龄= 8.40 +/- 1.73岁;平均实足年龄= 7.2 +/- 1.2岁),给予Cooper和Shepherd(1973)版本的心理旋转范式。在每次试验中,参与者都看到一个代表大写字母“F”的符号或“F”的镜像。这个符号以八个不同的方向之一呈现。参与者的任务是确定字母是颠倒的还是非颠倒的。有趣的是,随着角度差异的增加,两组人的反应时间都呈现出相似的趋势,这表明两组人都在进行心理旋转。正常发育组和唐氏综合症组在反应时间上没有显著差异,但唐氏综合症组的错误明显多于正常发育组。患有唐氏综合症的参与者能够进行远高于偶然水平的心理旋转,并且心理旋转能力被证明与心理年龄相关。
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