Virus-specific T cells for malignancies - then, now and where to?

IF 2.3 Q4 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING Current Stem Cell Reports Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-07 DOI:10.1007/s40778-020-00170-6

Sandhya Sharma, Wingchi K Leung, Helen E Heslop

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Purpose of review: Virus-associated malignancies are a global health burden, constituting 10-12% of cancers worldwide. As these tumors express foreign viral antigens that can elicit specific T cell responses, virus-directed immunotherapies are a promising treatment strategy. Specifically, adoptive cell transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has demonstrated the potential to eradicate cancers associated with certain viruses.

Recent findings: Initial studies in 1990s first showed that VSTs specific for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBVSTs) can induce complete remissions in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Since then, studies have validated the specificity and safety of VSTs in multiple lymphomas and solid malignancies. However, challenges remain to optimize this platform for widespread use, including enhancing potency and persistence, overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and streamlining manufacturing processes that comply with regulatory requirements.

Summary: This review focuses on data from clinical trials evaluating VSTs directed against three viruses (EBV, HPV and MCPyV), as well as recent preclinical and clinical advances, and potential future directions.

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针对恶性肿瘤的病毒特异性T细胞——过去、现在和去向?

综述目的:病毒相关恶性肿瘤是全球健康负担，占全球癌症的10-12%。由于这些肿瘤表达可以引起特异性T细胞反应的外来病毒抗原，因此病毒定向免疫疗法是一种很有前途的治疗策略。具体来说，病毒特异性T细胞(VSTs)的过继细胞转移已经证明了根除与某些病毒相关的癌症的潜力。最近的发现:20世纪90年代的初步研究首次表明，EBVSTs可以诱导移植后淋巴细胞增生性疾病患者的完全缓解。从那时起，研究证实了vst在多发性淋巴瘤和实体恶性肿瘤中的特异性和安全性。然而，优化该平台以广泛使用仍然存在挑战，包括增强效力和持久性，克服免疫抑制肿瘤微环境，以及简化符合监管要求的制造过程。摘要:本文综述了针对三种病毒(EBV、HPV和MCPyV)的VSTs的临床试验数据，以及最近的临床前和临床进展，以及潜在的未来方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Stem Cell Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The goal of this journal is to publish cutting-edge reviews on subjects pertinent to all aspects of stem cell research, therapy, ethics, commercialization, and policy. We aim to provide incisive, insightful, and balanced contributions from leading experts in each relevant domain that will be of immediate interest to a wide readership of clinicians, basic scientists, and translational investigators. We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the discipline. Section Editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year on their topics, in a crisp and readable format. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.